From: Astaxanthin decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced immune response in humans
Treatment | Wk 0 | Wk 4 | Wk 8 |
---|---|---|---|
Total T cells (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   0 mg | 65.9 ± 2.1 | 64.4 ± 1.9b | 70.6 ± 1.5b |
   2 mg | 69.5 ± 1.4 | 69.6 ± 1.5a | 75.7 ± 1.6a |
   8 mg | 67.2 ± 2.2 | 69.6 ± 1.8a | 74.3 ± 1.8ab |
Total Th cells (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   0 mg | 35.3 ± 1.5 | 36.3 ± 1.7 | 39.6 ± 1.4 |
   2 mg | 35.3 ± 1.8 | 36.0 ± 1.9 | 39.7 ± 2.0 |
   8 mg | 35.2 ± 1.5 | 34.3 ± 1.4 | 38.4 ± 1.2 |
Total Tc cells (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   0 mg | 26.7 ± 1.4 | 26.1 ± 1.2 | 28.4 ± 1.4 |
   2 mg | 28.2 ± 1.9 | 27.6 ± 1.9 | 28.7 ± 1.6 |
   8 mg | 28.4 ± 1.6 | 28.3 ± 1.6 | 28.8 ± 2.1 |
Th:Tc ratio cells | Â | Â | Â |
   0 mg | 1.35 ± 0.07 | 1.43 ± 0.09 | 1.48 ± 0.10 |
   2 mg | 1.31 ± 0.15 | 1.35 ± 0.16 | 1.46 ± 0.15 |
   8 mg | 1.31 ± 0.13 | 1.29 ± 0.13 | 1.37 ± 0.14 |
Total B cells (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   0 mg | 11.4 ± 0.9 | 11.1 ± 0.5 | 10.7 ± 0.5b |
   2 mg | 13.1 ± 1.1 | 12.7 ± 1.2 | 13.1 ± 0.5a |
   8 mg | 13.3 ± 1.4 | 11.9 ± 0.7 | 11.1 ± 0.3ab |
Total NK cells (%) | Â | Â | Â |
   0 mg | 13.7 ± 0.9 | 12.6 ± 1.2 | 10.6 ± 0.8 |
   2 mg | 12.5 ± 1.0 | 13.1 ± 1.9 | 12.6 ± 1.5 |
   8 mg | 13.4 ± 1.1 | 15.6 ± 1.4 | 13.1 ± 1.4 |
NK cytotoxic activity(% lysis) | Â | Â | Â |
   0 mg | 51.5 ± 4.4 | 51.0 ± 2.5 | 57.8 ± 2.7b |
   2 mg | 58.2 ± 3.8 | 54.4 ± 2.9 | 57.1 ± 2.6b |
   8 mg | 56.1 ± 3.1 | 54.3 ± 1.9 | 67.9 ± 3.0a |