Acute and chronic effects of multivitamin/mineral supplementation on objective and subjective energy measures

Nutrition & Metabolism

Table 1 Baseline characteristics for each intervention group (mean ± standard deviation)

Measure	Treatment	Mean	SD
Sex male/female	PLA	25/15
Sex male/female	MVM	25/17
Age at enrolment	PLA	22.3	3.35
Age at enrolment	MVM	23.7	4.61
Years in education	PLA	16.6	2.53
Years in education	MVM	16.3	2.97
Alcohol consumption (units/day)	PLA	0.75	0.86
Alcohol consumption (units/day)	MVM	1.07	1.28
Caffeine consumption (mg/day)	PLA	107	93
Caffeine consumption (mg/day)	MVM	117	105
Number of fruit and veg portions per day	PLA	3.60	1.59
Number of fruit and veg portions per day	MVM	3.42	1.52
IPAQ score	PLA	4424	3522
IPAQ score	MVM	4755	3238
BMI (kg/m²)	PLA	23.1	2.62
BMI (kg/m²)	MVM	23.9	2.76
Energy expenditure (Kcal/day)	PLA	1491.5	342.4
Energy expenditure (Kcal/day)	MVM	1601.7	374.2

PLA placebo, MVM multivitamin/mineral, mg milligrams, IPAQ international physical activity questionnaire, BMI body mass index, Kcal kilocalories, kg kilograms, m² metres squared

ISSN: 1743-7075